Assembly
languages directly correspond to a machine language, so machine code
instructions appear in a form understandable by humans. Assembly languages let
programmers use symbolic addresses, which the assembler converts to absolute
addresses. Most assemblers also support macros and symbolic constants.
C, C++,
Java
Data-oriented
languages provide powerful ways of searching and manipulating the relations
that have been described as entity relationship tables which map one set of
things into other sets. Examples: SQL, dBASE,
Clipper
Declarative
languages express the logic of a computation without describing its control flow
in detail. Examples: Prolog, SQL
In source
code: Source embeddable languages embed small pieces of executable code inside
a piece of free-form text, often a web page.
Client-side
embedded languages are limited by the abilities of the browser or intended
client. They aim to provide dynamism to web pages without the need to recontact
the server. Examples: JavaScript, VBScript
Server-side
embedded languages are much more flexible, since almost any language can be
built into a server. The aim of having fragments of server-side code embedded
in a web page is to generate additional markup dynamically; the code itself
disappears when the page is served, to be replaced by its output. Examples:
PhP
A wide
variety of dynamic or scripting languages can be embedded in compiled
executable code. Examples: Python
Functional
programming languages define programs and subroutines as mathematical
functions. Functional languages include: LISP, PHP, Python
Imperative
programming languages may be multi-paradigm. Imperative languages include: C,C++,C#,COBOL,FORTRAN, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby,
Swift
Interpreted
languages are programming languages in which programs may be executed from
source code form, by an interpreter. Example: BASIC, JavaScript, LISP, Perl,
PHP, Python, Ruby, VBScript
Multiparadigm
languages support more than one programming paradigm. They allow a program to
use more than one programming style. The goal is to allow programmers to use
the best tool for a job, admitting that no one paradigm solves all problems in
the easiest or most efficient way. Examples:
C++ (generic, imperative,
object-oriented (class-based), functional, metaprogramming)
C# (generic, imperative,
object-oriented (class-based), functional, declarative)
Python (functional, compiled,
interpreted, object-oriented (class-based), imperative, metaprogramming,
extension, impure, interactive mode, iterative, reflective, scripting)
Swift (protocol-oriented,
object-oriented, functional, imperative, block-structured)
Class-based
Object-oriented programming languages support objects defined by their class.
Class definitions include member data. Message passing is a key concept (if not
the key concept) in Object-oriented languages. Examples: C++, C#, Java, PHP
5, PHP, Python, Ruby
Procedural
programming languages are based on the concept of the unit and scope (the data
viewing range) of an executable code statement. A procedural program is
composed of one or more units or modules, either user coded or provided in a
code library; each module is composed of one or more procedures, also called a
function, routine, subroutine, or method, depending on the language. Examples
of procedural languages include: COBOL, Perl, Python, VBScript, Visula Basic
The system
programming languages are for low level tasks like memory management or task
management. A system programming language usually refers to a programming
language used for system programming; such languages are designed for writing
system software, which usually requires different development approaches when
compared with application software.
System
software is computer software designed to operate and control the computer
hardware, and to provide a platform for running application software. System
software includes software categories such as operating systems, utility
software, device drivers, compilers, and linkers. Examples of system languages
include: C, C+, Swift