1957

FORTRAN

Fortran (Formula Translation) is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language created in 1957 by John Backus that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

Successive versions have added support for structured programming and processing of character-based data (FORTRAN 77), array programming, modular programming and generic programming (Fortran 90), high performance Fortran (Fortran 95), object-oriented programming (Fortran 2003) and concurrent programming (Fortran 2008).

1959

COBOL

COBOL is a programming language that reads like regular English and is often used for business and administrative purposes. The name means Common Business Oriented Language. The US Department of Defense, in a conference, formed CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Language) to develop a language for business data processing needs. COBOL is used for writing application programs and we cannot use it to write system software. The applications like those in defense domain, insurance domain, etc. which require huge data processing make extensive use of COBOL.

1964

BASIC

BASIC was an early programming language that is still among the simplest and most popular of programming languages. BASIC stands for "Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code." Microsoft's Visual Basic (VB) adds object-oriented features and a graphical user interface to the standard BASIC. Second-generation BASICs introduced a number of features into the language, primarily related to structured and procedure-oriented programming. Usually, line numbering is omitted from the language and replaced with labels (for GOTO) and procedures to encourage easier and more flexible design. Third-generation BASIC dialects such as Visual Basic introduced features to support object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigm.

1969

C

The C Language is developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie for creating system applications that directly interact with the hardware devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.

C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages, that is why it is known as mother language.

It can be defined by the following ways:

1.     Mother language, System programming language

2.     Procedure-oriented programming language

3.     Structured programming language

4.     Mid-level programming language

1) C as a mother language

C language is considered as the mother language of all the modern programming languages because most of the compilers, JVMs, Kernels, etc. are written in C language, and  It provides the core concepts like the array, strings, functions, file handling, etc. that are being used in many languages like C++, Java, C#, etc.

2) C as a system programming language

A system programming language is used to create system software. C language is a system programming language because it can be used to do low-level programming (for example driver and kernel). It is generally used to create hardware devices, OS, drivers, kernels, etc. For example, Linux kernel is written in C. It can't be used for internet programming like Java, .Net, PHP, etc.

3) C as a procedural language

A procedure is known as a function, method, routine, subroutine, etc. A procedural language specifies a series of steps for the program to solve the problem. A procedural language breaks the program into functions, data structures, etc. C is a procedural language. In C, variables and function prototypes must be declared before being used.

4) C as a structured programming language

A structured programming language is a subset of the procedural language. Structure means to break a program into parts or blocks so that it may be easy to understand. In the C language, we break the program into parts using functions. It makes the program easier to understand and modify.

5) C as a mid-level programming language

C is considered as a middle-level language because it supports the feature of both low-level and high-level languages. C language program is converted into assembly code, it supports pointer arithmetic (low-level), but it is machine independent (a feature of high-level).

A Low-level language is specific to one machine, i.e., machine dependent. It is machine dependent, fast to run. But it is not easy to understand.

A High-Level language is not specific to one machine, i.e., machine independent. It is easy to understand.

1970

PASCAL

Pascal is a general-purpose, high-level language that was originally developed by Niklaus Wirth. It was developed for teaching programming as a systematic discipline and to develop reliable and efficient programs.

Pascal is Algol-based language and includes many constructs of Algol. Algol 60 is a subset of Pascal. Pascal offers several data types and programming structures. It is easy to understand and maintain the Pascal programs.

Pascal has grown in popularity in the teaching and academics arena for various reasons:

    Easy to learn.

    Structured language.

    It produces transparent, efficient and reliable programs.

    It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms.

Pascal has the following features −

    Pascal is a strongly typed language.

    It offers extensive error checking.

    It offers several data types like arrays, records, files and sets.

    It offers a variety of programming structures.

    It supports structured programming through functions and procedures.

    It also supports object oriented programming.

1983

C++

C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.

C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with Classes but later it was renamed C++ in 1983.

C++ is a superset of C, and that virtually any legal C program is a legal C++ program.

C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including the four pillars of object-oriented development – Encapsulation,Data hiding, Inheritance,     Polymorphism

1987

PERL

Perl stands in for "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language".  Perl was created by Larry Wall. Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development.

1991

PYTHON

Python is a powerful multi-purpose programming language created by Guido van Rossum.

It has simple easy-to-use syntax and length of the code is relatively short. It's fun to work in Python because it allows you to think about the problem rather than focusing on the syntax.

It has wide range of applications from Web development (like: Django and Bottle), scientific and mathematical computing (Orange, SymPy, NumPy) to desktop graphical user Interfaces (Pygame, Panda3D).

1993

RUBY

Ruby is purely object oriented programming language. Each and every value is an object. Every object has a class and every class has a super class. Every code has their properties and actions. Ruby is influenced with Smalltalk language. Ruby language has many features. Some of them are :     Flexibility, Exception handling,  Garbage collector,  Portable, Missing method,  Case Sensitive

1995

PHP

It is open source scripting language so it is  free download to use. PHP is a server site scripting language. It is widely used all over the world. It is faster than other scripting language. Some important features of php are given below:  Interpreted,  Platform Independent,  Real-Time Access Monitoring.

1995

JAVA

The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it portable, simple and secure programming language. Apart from this, there are also some excellent features which play an important role in the popularity of this language.  Secured,  High Performance,  Multithreaded

1995

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is a client side technology, it is mainly used for gives client side validation, but it have lot of features which are given below;  object-based scripting language, powerfull control over the browser, Handling dates and time, light weighted, it is interpreter based scripting language